Immigrants :: essays research papers

More Immigrants discover establishes in U.S. Soil 1     Using the content from the book there are three segment factors; ripeness, mortality, and movement. Ripeness is the quantity of kids a normal lady bears (text pg. 394). Mortality alludes to the yearly number of passings per 1,000 populace (text pg 394). At long last, relocation in the distinction between number of individuals moving in (workers) and the quantity of individuals moving out (exiled people) per 1,000 poplulation (text pg 394), and the best depiction of the ongoing movement to southwest Michigan is relocation. The article â€Å"More Immigrants discover establishes in U.S. Soil† refers to that a few explanations behind this is the open doors advertised. Since numerous conventional ranchers are getting more established and are resigning to hotter atmosphere and the posterity pick professions other than cultivating, many homestead proprietors are offering their ranches to the assistance. These â€Å"help† are generally minorities. Additionally w ith the minorities cultivating other minority bunches picks their items to buy; thusly the gatherings help one another. 2     Since the 1970 an ever increasing number of individuals are deciding to move from the city and rural areas to rustic regions. Southwest Michigan is an ideal case of why individuals are moving to rustic regions. With the assistance of interstates and other transportation, development is simple and speedy, directly between large urban areas, for example, Chicago and Detroit. The low crime percentage, the feeling of wellbeing and average cost for basic items all make southwest Michigan welcoming to any individual or family. 3     Sociologist William Kandal cited â€Å"farming might be what could be compared to driving a cab.† In numerous urban communities and rural areas numerous outsider secure positions as taxi drivers. Presently in provincial regions numerous settlers are securing positions as ranchers and ranchers assistants and portrayed as the â€Å"rural taxi driver.† 4     Traditionally, outsiders had moved to urban areas first when settling the U.S., this is called urbanization. Urbanization varies from that of the country bounce back of southwest Michigan. Generally individuals moved from the rustic zones just when there was an overflow of food and they were not expected to deliver food, instead of the relocation to southwest Michigan, since workers are moving there to create food. 5     What stands apart between the quickest developing and quickest contracting U.S. Urban areas is geographic area. A large portion of the provincial states, for example, N.Y., PA, CT, RI, are on the whole encountering contracting populace, while the Western U.S. is encountering expanding populace. The fundamental elements for this is an ever increasing number of individuals are less needful of rich land to help themselves and there families. Settlers :: expositions research papers More Immigrants discover establishes in U.S. Soil 1     Using the content from the book there are three segment factors; ripeness, mortality, and movement. Fruitfulness is the quantity of kids a normal lady bears (text pg. 394). Mortality alludes to the yearly number of passings per 1,000 populace (text pg 394). At last, movement in the distinction between number of individuals moving in (settlers) and the quantity of individuals moving out (exiled people) per 1,000 poplulation (text pg 394), and the best depiction of the ongoing movement to southwest Michigan is relocation. The article â€Å"More Immigrants discover establishes in U.S. Soil† refers to that a few explanations behind this is the open doors advertised. Since numerous customary ranchers are getting more established and are resigning to hotter atmosphere and the posterity pick vocations other than cultivating, many homestead proprietors are offering their ranches to the assistance. These â€Å"help† are typically minorities. Likewise with the min orities cultivating other minority bunches picks their items to buy; along these lines the gatherings help one another. 2     Since the 1970 an ever increasing number of individuals are deciding to move from the city and rural areas to rustic zones. Southwest Michigan is an ideal case of why individuals are moving to rustic regions. With the assistance of thruways and other transportation, development is simple and speedy, directly between large urban areas, for example, Chicago and Detroit. The low crime percentage, the feeling of security and average cost for basic items all make southwest Michigan exceptionally welcoming to any individual or family. 3     Sociologist William Kandal cited â€Å"farming might be what could be compared to driving a cab.† In numerous urban communities and rural areas numerous migrant secure positions as taxi drivers. Presently in country territories numerous settlers are securing positions as ranchers and ranchers aides and portrayed as the â€Å"rural taxi driver.† 4     Traditionally, outsiders had moved to urban areas first when settling the U.S., this is called urbanization. Urbanization varies from that of the provincial bounce back of southwest Michigan. Customarily individuals moved from the rustic regions just when there was an excess of food and they were not expected to deliver food, rather than the relocation to southwest Michigan, since migrants are moving there to create food. 5     What stands apart between the quickest developing and quickest contracting U.S. Urban communities is geographic area. The vast majority of the pilgrim states, for example, N.Y., PA, CT, RI, are on the whole encountering contracting populace, while the Western U.S. is encountering expanding populace. The primary elements for this is an ever increasing number of individuals are less needful of ripe land to help themselves and there families.

User Interface Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

UI - Case Study Example The exchange box will conceal when a client presses any of the two catches. 1. The rundown of Portfolio Manager, Stock, and Trader Name will be populated powerfully by means of recovering the information from a database (for example MS Access), spreadsheets (for example MS Excel), or straightforward content documents, and the client will choose the ideal thing starting from the drop list as opposed to composing. The clients may likewise be permitted to include, alter, or erase the things of the drop-down records. 3. A numeric here and there control will be utilized rather than content field for the ‘Quantity’ input. This will permit the application to limit the client to enter just numeric data sources and inside the predefined extend. 1. The rundown of Stock will be populated progressively by means of recovering the information from a database (for example MS Access), spreadsheets (for example MS Excel), or straightforward content records, and the client will choose the ideal thing starting from the drop list instead of composing. The clients may likewise be permitted to include, alter, or erase the things of the drop-down

Grapefruit Interactions With Bipolar Drugs

Grapefruit Interactions With Bipolar Drugs Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Print Grapefruit Interactions With Bipolar Drugs By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on February 08, 2020 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 20, 2020 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights Westend61  / Getty Images Grapefruit juice may seem like the ideal drink for a good, old-fashioned American breakfast, but when it comes to washing down your bipolar medications, think again. Unlike some types of citrus fruit, grapefruit can  interfere with the metabolization of certain drugs, inadvertently increasing their concentration to potentially toxic levels. Bipolar drugs are not the only ones affected. Also on the no-fly list are medications used to treat everything from  high cholesterol and arrhythmia to allergies and HIV. Even Viagra is complicated by the otherwise healthy effects of grapefruit. Which Medications Interact With Grapefruit Juice? How Grapefruit Interferes With Drug Concentration A number of psychotropic drugs, including those used treat anxiety, depression, and psychosis, are among the 80 agents grapefruit juice is known to interfere with. Forty-three of those drugs had serious adverse effects.?? This is because grapefruit contains furanocoumarins, an organic compound which blocks an enzyme that normally breaks down certain medications. While other citrus fruits like pomelos, limes, and Seville oranges also contain furanocoumarins, they havent been studied as closely.?? When this enzyme is blocked, the drug concentration levels in the  blood will be higher than expected. In some cases, the intended effect and/or side effects of the drug will be strongerâ€"even dangerous. Degrees and Persistence of Effect The degree by which grapefruit can affect certain drugs can vary. For some medications, one small glass of juice can result in what would be equivalent to a double or triple dose. For example, as much as 99 percent of BuSpar (buspirone) is normally metabolized before the drug enters the bloodstream. When taken with grapefruit juice, the concentration can increase by as much as 400 percent. Or, as demonstrated in this research, four-fold.?? At the same time, the effects of grapefruit can be long-lasting, interacting with certain drugs anywhere from several hours to a few days after ingestion. Alternately, you can avoid grapefruit altogether and substitute with (non-Seville) orange juice.   Any drug that will interact with grapefruit with have all of these defining elements: it will be taken orally, it will have very low to intermediate absolute bioavailability, and also it will be metabolized by the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme (CYP3A4). Grapefruit and some of the related citrus can irreversibly inhibit that enzyme. Such drugs should not be eaten with grapefruit or any of the related citrus, or alternative medications should be prescribed. Although it is probably purely speculative to suggest who the most vulnerable patient would likely be, people over 45 years old are the prime purchasers of grapefruit and receive the most prescriptions for drugs.?? List of Psychotropic Medications Affected by Grapefruit All told, there are over a dozen drugs commonly used to treat symptoms of bipolar disorder that are known to be affected, in differing degrees, by grapefruit. Anafranil (clomipramine)BuSpar (buspirone)Elavil (amitriptyline)Halcion (triazolam)Luvox (fluvoxamine)Prozac (fluoxetine)Seroquel (quetiapine)Serzone (nefazodone)Tegretol (carbamazepine)Trazodone (desyrel)Valium (diazepam)Versed (midazolam)Zoloft (sertraline) Always read the packet insert in its entirety to understand which interactions can occur. Typically, you can find this in or around the fifth paragraph where it would read: Talk with your doctor before including grapefruit or grapefruit juice in your diet while you are taking this medicine.   A Word From Verywell Each year, an increasing number of drugs?? are identified as having a possible interaction with grapefruit. In the end, you can usually still enjoy the grapefruit if taken wisely and enjoy the benefits of its combination of vitamin  C,  fiber, potassium, lycopene, and choline. Speak with your doctor if in doubt.

Antigone vs. Socrates Essay examples - 681 Words

Antigone vs. Socrates In the plays Antigone and the Crito the two lead characters, Antigone and Socrates, showed completely different ideas regarding their responsibilities to the State. Antigone believes in divine law and does what she thinks that the Gods would want her to do. Socrates, on the other hand, believes that he owes it to the State to follow their laws whether he thinks they are right or not. In Antigone, her brother Polynices, turned against his own city by attacking his own brother just so he could become king. On this day, both brothers died. One, Eteocles, was given funeral honors, but the other, Polynices, was not. This decision was made by Creon, Antigone#8217;s uncle and the current King of Thebes. Creon†¦show more content†¦Socrates, contrary to what Crito says, feels that he has an implied contract with the State. He believes that his family staying in Athens and raising him there was the greatest compliment they could have given him, so he feels that he owes it to the State to accept its laws and to remain a willing partner to the State. Socrates#8217; feelings were summed up on page 64 when he says: #8220;If the state leads us to wounds or death in battle, we follow as is right; no one can yield or leave his rank, but whether in battle or in a court of law, or in any other place, he must do what his city and his country order him#8230;if he may do no violence to his father or mother, much less may he do violence to his country.#8221; (Pg. 64) By this quote, he means that a man must do what the State tells him to do and should back the State in all of the State#8217;s endeavors. Personally, I am torn between the two ideas. I believe that the State usually makes laws that do protect most of its citizens and if it doesn#8217;t, they usually realize it and make a change. On the other hand, if you truly believe that a law is unjust, then you should follow your convictions until the law is changed or becomes acceptable. I think that if I were in either Antigone#8217;s or Socrates#8217; position, I would probably have done the same thing that they did. Clearly, Antigone and Socrates have very different ideas regarding the type of law they follow.Show MoreRelated Antigone Vs. Socrates Essay examples664 Words   |  3 Pages Antigone vs. Socrates In the plays Antigone and the Crito the two lead characters, Antigone and Socrates, showed completely different ideas regarding their responsibilities to the State. Antigone believes in divine law and does what she thinks that the Gods would want her to do. Socrates, on the other hand, believes that he owes it to the State to follow their laws whether he thinks they are right or not. In Antigone, her brother Polynices, turned against his own city by attacking his own brotherRead MoreSocrates Sides with Creon or a1379 Words   |  6 PagesSocrates#8217; Sides With? Through my reading of Plato#8217;s Apology of Socrates and Crito, I have been able to see how Socrates makes important decisions and what he primarily bases his decisions on. As a individual person we have individual morals which lead us to our own moral or immoral decisions. Sometimes are own morals or beliefs might oppose the views of the state or the enforced law that clams to find justice. In this case we rely on our own beliefs that may be through passedRead MoreEssay Platos Apology of Socrates and Crito1326 Words   |  6 Pages Socrates Sides With? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Through my reading of Platos Apology of Socrates and Crito, I have been able to see how Socrates makes important decisions and what he primarily bases his decisions on. As a individual person we have individual morals which lead us to our own moral or immoral decisions. Sometimes are own morals or beliefs might oppose the views of the state or the enforced law that clams to find justice. In this case we rely on our own beliefs that may be throughRead MoreAn Ideal Hero: Greek vs. Roman Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pagescultural propaganda. Greek Heros= models of courage skill to men (what to be) women (what to look for- sense of security). a. Dominant Theme: warrior code of personal honor and glory b. Contrasting themes: Family principle, simple country life vs. war, admiration of enemies. 5. Literary works by Homer Blind poet Homer - represents the culmination of a long and vigorous tradition in which oral recitation—possibly to instrumental accompaniment—was a popular kind of entertainment.

Essay on Informative Speech Stress Management - 897 Words

General Purpose: To inform the audience about the cause, affect and ways to manage stress. Specific Purpose Statement: The audience will learn what causes stress and how stress can affect their health, and how they can manage their everyday stress with different techniques. INTRODUCTION Attention Getter: Life is like a huge roller coaster, a journey full of twists and turns, and ups and downs. And sometimes in this journey there arises various situations where one is unable to deal with these turns, let alone have the energy to face the ups and downs. In situations when the downward spiral becomes difficult to overcome it seems to linger on and on. The major cause of such feelings, are the chaotic activities of life. Stress is no†¦show more content†¦For everybody stress comes from different things throughout life. 1. For example, we get stress from family, relationships, school-like having to give a speech in front of people, financial problems, and arguments, but for a lot of people, it’s WORK. a. According to WebMD (2012), Forty percent of U.S. workers admit to experiencing office stress, and one-quarter say work is the biggest source of stress in their lives. Connective: Just as stress comes in different forms for everybody, it can also affect people both in a good way that can be useful and motivating and a bad way, which causes anxiety and health problems. II. Stress can be beneficial to a small degree, mentally and physically. A. According to ULifeline, â€Å"stress is a burst of energy that basically advises you on what to do. In small doses, stress has many advantages. For instance, stress can help you meet daily challenges and motivates you to reach your goals. In fact, stress can help you accomplish tasks more efficiently. It can even boost memory†¦ [And] help to fortify the immune system.† B. Although small doses of stress are good, too much stress is unhealthy and tends to overrule us at times, causing physical and mental harm. 1. Stress is one of the number one causes that contribute to people’s health problems. According to Weber.edu, â€Å"in Healthy People 2000, a report from the U.S.Show MoreRelatedThe Hidden Danger Of Online Education Essay936 Words   |  4 PagesSpeech 3: Informative Speech Preparation Outline The Hidden Danger of Online Education, by Kimberly Ramirez STATEMENT OF TOPIC: The hidden danger of online education. GENERAL PURPOSE: To inform online students about the hidden dangers of unhealthy ergonomic behaviors and their lasting health impacts. SPECIFIC PURPOSE: To report on the growing development of repetitive stress injuries in students, how it develops, and how to mitigate the risks. THESIS: Through the awareness of the dangers of repetitiveRead MoreInformative Speech Outline802 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Speech Outline I. Introduction A. Thanks 1. Thanks professor Tuckerman for the introduction. B. Salutation 1. Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. C. Ethos 1. What increases heart rate, causes sleep disturbance, makes people cry, act violent, makes some people sleep more and causes untold aches and pains? It s Wednesday! Six hours of homework to do, babysit the little sister, feed the dog, cut the grass, oh and lets not forget your boyfriend is being a jerkRead MoreStress Student959 Words   |  4 PagesOutline for informative speech Purpose:   To inform the audience about student stress.   Thesis:   Today I will discuss about sources and effects of student stress and efficient ways to manage this emotional and physical strain. Organizational Pattern:   I. Introduction    A. Attention Getter   According to the Student Living Report 2002, an ongoing survey of student experiences carried out by MORI for the UNITE Group, more than half of students (53%) said they had become moreRead MoreInformative Speech on Yoga Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesInformative Speech By:Amber Samworth Topic: Yoga General Purpose: To Inform. Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about yoga. Thesis Statement: I want my audience to be informed about what yoga is, its history, and why it has become so popular in recent years. Introduction I. (Open w/impact) According to Ann Pizer, a Yoga Alliance Certified Instructor, in an article last accessed on September 18th 2007, for Yoga.About.Com. â€Å"Yoga means â€Å"union† in Sanskrit, the language of Ancient IndiaRead MoreProfessional Communication1467 Words   |  6 Pagespurpose, interests and efforts in an organization. There are many different aspects of professional communication that are discussed in this report. When I think of the word communication, words like information, emotions, facts, ideas, opinions, speech, writing, symbols, signs and thoughts are synonymous. My understanding of communication is that it is a means of helping people or groups to understand a certain concept or other information for example memorandums, letters, team briefs, emails,Read MoreVegan Food Presentation1944 Words   |  8 Pagesquestion-answer part, I observed that I was still in the same level of excitement. So I believe that even though some of my classmates may n ot be interested in preparing vegan sushi, my passion help me to invoke sympathy from my audience. Unlike the persuasive speech, the demonstrational presentation topic must appeal the audience attention because its purpose is to teach a structure, or steps, of a task. For instance, one of the video showed in the class about how to make a peanut butter sandwich was very commonRead MoreInterview : Gender Roles, Occupational Role And Emotions1441 Words   |  6 Pagesauthor of The Managed Heart argues that modern societies demand emotional labor, particularly in the service sector, where she described it as, †management of feeling to create a publicly observable facial and bodily display †¦ sold for a wage.† This term can apply to a variety of professions, but it is most often used to reference to the sort of attitude management which occurs primarily in minimum-wage service jobs. This regulation of emotion is used to maintain a professional appearance even in the fac eRead MoreThe Nature Of Emotional Labor, Feeling Rules And Gender Roles1438 Words   |  6 Pagesauthor of The Managed Heart argues that modern societies demand emotional labor particularly in the service sector, where she described it as, †management of feeling to create a publicly observable facial and bodily display †¦ sold for a wage.† This term can apply to a variety of professions, but it is most often used to reference to the sort of attitude management which occurs primarily in minimum-wage service jobs. This regulation of emotion is used to maintain a professional appearance even in the faceRead MoreCommunication For The Field Of Accounting1122 Words   |  5 Pagesresults of the audit within the first few moments of reading the report† (Kapoor Valencia 36). It is crucial for these reports to appeal to their clients and provide factual evidence and solutions. One popular method to ensure an audit report is informative and useful is the â€Å"80/20 Rule.† This rule states that â€Å"20% of input drives 80% of output; thus, if 80% of a company’s revenue comes from 20% of its customers, the company would naturally want to direct the majority of its efforts and attention towardRead MoreReflection Of A Special Education Classroom1382 Words   |  6 PagesBell, I felt a connection. She seems like a warm, cheerful teacher. Mrs. Bell is a teacher in a self-contained classroom. Her classroom was very big, organized and inviting. There were six students with different disabilities such as: autism, speech and language disability, intellectual disabilities, visual impairment, and physical disability. There are four big rectangular tables instead of desks and chair, which were positioned into a square where there was enough room to walk around or within

Safe as houses Free Essays

Hey kids, I’m Gavin and I want to talk to you today about safety around the house. How many of you here have younger brothers or sisters? [Response] Over half of you, that’s quite a lot. I’ll bet they get quite annoying sometimes, don’t they? I wouldn’t know because I am the younger brother. We will write a custom essay sample on Safe as houses? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even though they do get quite annoying sometimes, I’m sure that deep down inside, you really do love your younger brothers and sisters, and that you would never want anything bad happening to them. This is why it is important to keep them save and out of trouble. How many of you here don’t have a helper? [Response] Well, that’s a large number of you. I bet every time your parents are out, you have to look after your baby brother or sister right? It’s pretty hard sometimes isn’t it? Well here are a few suggestions which might make it easier for you. Firstly, never let your brother or sister near the kitchen on their own. Stay away from the kitchen unless you are getting snacks to eat and drinks. The kitchen is a dangerous, unsafe and bad place to play. Your brother or sister could easily burn, scald or hurt themselves with hot or boiling water, clothes irons or hot oven doors. There are some yucky chemicals kept in the kitchen which aren’t very healthy for you if you drink or inhale it. Don’t forget there’s also a chance your baby sibling could slip and fall over. The kitchen is out of bounds. If your younger sibling needs to go to the toilet or take a bath, make sure that you go and help them. It is very important, and it will make you look more grown-up too, doing important things around the house. When they are taking a bath, make sure the water is not too hot or they could get hurt ands scalded. Also, be sure to hold them up because it is very easy for them to drown, so don’t play around during bath-time. Finally, never ever let your baby brother or sister go peeking down the toilet incase they fall in. It would be unsafe, unhygienic and very yucky. Moving away from the toilet issues, the next thing you have to be careful of are the doors. Slamming doors in your brother or sister’s face is a big no-no. Their fingers could get caught and it would be extremely painful. If any of you have a staircase in the house, you will probably know how dangerous they are, especially for kids under two. The best thing to avoid accidents to keep them away from the stairs and remove any toys or objects blocking the stairs. If not, you or your little brother or sister could turn into Humpty Dumpty and break into many pieces Talking about taking big falls, it is also a good idea to close any low windows your sibling could climb out of, or remove anything they could climb on to in order to get to the opening. Did you know that the biggest cause of accidents in homes are from playing with matches? If you have ever tried it and thought it cool, take some advice from the big kids, it’s not cool. You could easily kill yourself and your little baby brother or sister, so remember, keep tem away from those matches and remember the words of Smokey Bear; â€Å"Only YOU can stop [house hold] fires!† Don’t forget to keep them away from the medicine cabinet, and remind them often that it ISN’T candy. Finally, if you are playing outside the house, keep those little kids away from the garage or tool shed, which have a lot of dangerous tools and chemicals. (P.T.O.) Now you can go and tell your friends how cool you are and your parents how grown up you are because you know how to look after your baby brother or sister, and yourself. How to cite Safe as houses?, Papers

Crap Essay Example For Students

Crap Essay INTROSex. Pure unadulterated sex. When we think of sex, it is not usually in the context of a fairytale. Fairytales are for children, virgin ears. Over the years, fairytales have been cleaned up for young ears- we have become accustomed to the bland Disney versions of tales. How many of us can recount a version separate from the animated classics of our childhood? It is truly hard to believe that sometimes there are much more racy versions of these same tales. Today, I d like to share one such variation of Little Red Riding Hood called In the Company of Wolves, written by Angela Carter. I will recount ancient folklore of werewolves, introduce the sexually charged characters as I walk with you through the seemingly familiar yet much more raw path to grandmothers house, and take you on a journey from virginity to womanhood. TR*: We should begin by introducing some key werewolf folkloreBODYThere was once a woman who married a man who vanished on her wedding night. The bride lay down on the bed and the groom said he was going out to relieve himself. She waited and waited but he didnt returnall that was heard was howling coming on the wind from the forest. No remains were ever found, and the woman found herself another husband and had many children. One freezing night there was a knock at the door, and as she opened it she recognized him immediately. His clothes were in rags and his hair was long and filled with lice. Seeing she had remarried and had another mans children, the first husband wished to be a wolf again so that he could teach this whore a lesson. After being killed by the second husband, the werewolfs pelt was peeled off and he was just as he had been when he left his marriage bed. They say there is an ointment that the Devil gives you that turns you into a wolf, or that one born feet first and had a wolf for a father will be born a werewolf, with a mans torso and the legs and genitals of a wolf. And a wolfs heart. Seven years is said to be the span of a werewolf, but if you burn his clothes, you condemn him to wolfishness for the rest of his life. TR*: When Little Red Riding Hood sets out on her journey, it is midwinter, the worst time in all the year for werewolves. Little Red, a strong-minded child insists on going off through the wood to bring her beloved grandmother some gifts. Her breasts have just begun to grow and she has just begun her period. She is an unbroken egg, a closed system; she doesnt know how to shiver. She has been loved too much to know how to be scared. It was the middle of winter, and the silence of the woods seemed to close down upon our heroine like a pair of jaws. Suddenly she heard a distant howl of a wolf, and she sprang to the handle of a well-concealed knife, but nobody was there. Suddenly, a clamor among the bushed produced a fully clothed and very handsome young man holding a very large rifle. They walked along the worn path for some time together laughing like old friends. It was only a mere half-mile to go till the warmth and safety of her grandmothers house when the dashing young stranger proposed a bet. He insisted that with the help of a compass, he would surely make it to the grandmothers house before she would on the path. A game was made of it, and if he won, he was to have a kiss. At the mention of the kiss, Little Red lowered her eyes and blushed, commonplace of rustic seduction. Although it was getting dark, she wanted to dawdle on her way so that the handsome gentleman would win his wager. She forgot to be afra id of the beasts. .ubda3795942f2c3c85105a91f0c44727e , .ubda3795942f2c3c85105a91f0c44727e .postImageUrl , .ubda3795942f2c3c85105a91f0c44727e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubda3795942f2c3c85105a91f0c44727e , .ubda3795942f2c3c85105a91f0c44727e:hover , .ubda3795942f2c3c85105a91f0c44727e:visited , .ubda3795942f2c3c85105a91f0c44727e:active { border:0!important; } .ubda3795942f2c3c85105a91f0c44727e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubda3795942f2c3c85105a91f0c44727e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubda3795942f2c3c85105a91f0c44727e:active , .ubda3795942f2c3c85105a91f0c44727e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubda3795942f2c3c85105a91f0c44727e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubda3795942f2c3c85105a91f0c44727e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubda3795942f2c3c85105a91f0c44727e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubda3795942f2c3c85105a91f0c44727e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubda3795942f2c3c85105a91f0c44727e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubda3795942f2c3c85105a91f0c44727e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubda3795942f2c3c85105a91f0c44727e .ubda3795942f2c3c85105a91f0c44727e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubda3795942f2c3c85105a91f0c44727e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Our Living Shield: The First Amendment EssayTR*: It was this wager that was to signal the end of innocence for our young heroine. The handsome young man arrived at grandmothers house first with a trace of blood on his chin. He knocked on the door with his hairy knuckles and announced himself in high soprano as her granddaughter. After entering he removed his disguise, and granny could see his matted hair streaming down his white shirt, lice moving within it. As he strips off his shirt his skin is the texture and color of vellum. His nipples were dark and his genitals were huge. He ate the grandmother, licked his chops, and redressed. He burned he hair in the fire and hid her bones under the bedthey were inedible. Now all he had to do was wait patiently in grannys bed cap for his next victim. She entered her grandmothers house, disappointed to see that only her grandmother lay there. But then he sprang out of bed and pressed his back against the door so that she couldnt escape. She looked around the roomthe pillow was smooth and the bible lay closed. Something was wrong. What big eyes you have. All the better to see you with. There was no trace of the grandmother, except the white hair in the fire, and when the girl saw that she knew that there was danger of death. A great howling rose up around them, the howling of a multitude of wolves. Who has come to sing us carols? she asks. Those are the voices of my brothers, darling; I love the company of wolvesAfter looking out the window at the many wolves she closed the window and asked:What shall I do with my shall?Throw it in the fire, dear one. You wont need it again. Blouseskirt.woolen stockings.shoes. She stood there naked. She went directly to the man with red eyes and unbuttoned the color of his shirt. She freely gave him the kiss he was owed. What big teeth you haveAll the better to eat you with. And she burst out laughing; she was nobodys meat. She ripped off his shirt and threw it into the fire. The bones under the bed clattered but she paid no mind. She would lay his fearful heard in her lap and pick out the lice from his pelt and put them in her own mouth and eat them, as she would do in a savage marriage ceremony. All was silent and still. Snow shows the confusion of paw prints. Sweet and sound she sleeps in grannys bed, between the paws of the tender wolf. SUMMARYSo now you know that there are some very different versions of tales then we are accustomed to. You have heard some ancient folklore about werewolves, been introduced to the sexually charged characters, walked through the seemingly familiar yet much more raw path to grandmothers house, and taken a journey from virginity to womanhood. Perhaps this story is not really about real wolves. We have all at times seen the animal within ourselves, so perhaps the image of the wolf is used to represent what we try to suppress about our nature. When Red throws his clothes into the fire, she is condemning him to wolfishness forever. She has embraced what we fear. So I urge you to remember next time you watch a Disney movie with a child, that not is all as it seems in the land of fairytales. Words/ Pages : 1,272 / 24

The Struggle For Independence In A New World Essays - Bread Givers

The Struggle For Independence In A New World The Struggle for Independence in a New World In Anzia Yezierskas novel Bread Givers, we learn about a struggle between Sara Smolinsky and her father. Her father, an Orthodox rabbi, is stuck in the traditions of the old world and will not tolerate Saras longing for independence. This novel takes place in New Yorks Lower East Side, where the population mainly consists of Jewish immigrants who have come to America in hopes of living a better life than they lived in the shtetls. In America, for the familys who still lived by the traditions of the old world, life for the women was no different that life in the shtetls. Sara and her family had immigrated to America from a village in Poland. According to their Jewish traditions, the only role a woman had in her life was to take care of the family, and make life easier for their husbands. This idea becomes very clear right at the start of the novel. We learn that two of Saras sisters, Bessie and Masha, are coming home after being out looking for work so they could earn wages for the family . The daughters of Reb Smolinsky were expected to be the wage earners. Women in Reb Smolinskys household are expected to do all of the work required for keeping the family alive. Reb does nothing to earn money or make life better for his family. He is a religious scholar who has devoted his whole life to the study of the Torah, and his familys job was to make him comfortable. All of the burdens were placed on Rebs family; he carried none of them. Reb was a dictator in the household. When Saras sister Bessie brought home a man for the family to meet, Reb kicked him o ut of the house. He said that this man was not good enough for his burden bearer. He appears to be very reluctant to give up Bessie, since she brings all of her wages home to him, and is a faithful servant. At this point we can see the pain Sara is in. She had no freedom and no choice in her life. Her only choice was to serve her father until she was married, and then continue her life serving her husband. But she wanted more. This was America, where women were allowed to choose how they wanted to live, and were allowed to marry for love, not just marry who their father told them they must marry. Saras inner struggle continued in trying to understand why her father was so harsh on her sisters. Saras father successfully married off all of her sisters, but not to men whom they loved. All of the men her sisters brought home who they were in love with were quickly turned away by their father. Reb wanted a wealthy husband for his daughters, so that his daughters would continue to support him and bring wages to the family. Sara did not like the way her sisters lives were dictated and controlled. She thought that they should be able to choose whom they wanted to marry, and not be forced to marry whom their father chose for them. Sara was disappointed to see her sisters give in to their fathers harshness, but they were stuck in believing what their father preached to them, that It says in the Torah, only through a man can a woman enter Heaven. Sara could no longer stand the harsh treatment from her father. She had to have something in her life to look forward to, not a life long sentence of service to her father and her future husband. She wanted freedom. She wanted independence. She did not want to live the rest of her life in a room with a dirt floor and no privacy. After a heated argument with her father, Sara left her mother and father to begin a life on her own. She began her struggle for independence. She wanted to become a schoolteacher. In her first day away from home, when she stopped to eat a meal, she made the comment This was the first time I ate by

Planting Trees on Bloor Avenue in Downtown Toronto

Planting Trees on Bloor Avenue in Downtown Toronto Summary The report is based on a case study on the tree planting project along the Bloor Avenue in Bloor-Yorkville. It covers the aspects of rezoning this area so as to ensure that it has residential areas as well instead of the usual office apartments and retail stores. This has necessitated the planting of trees in the area. The rezoning of the area is also meant to eliminate throughway passages across the residential areas.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Planting Trees on Bloor Avenue in Downtown Toronto specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The report analyses the zoning of the area and looks into the appropriate amendments made on the zoning bylaws. There has been need to amend the Toronto zoning by-laws so as to allow the restructuring of Bloor Avenue. This is supposed to affect the construction of new structures, readjusting the packing zone as well as ensure order in the development of the area. Background W ith the constructions of multipurpose storey buildings that have offices, commercial and residential units, there has been a move to amend the zoning laws so as to ensure that trees are planted on Bloor Avenue. Efforts have been made to allow for larger parking spaces meant to serve the office/commercial units as well as the residential units and increase the size of the pedestrians’ sidewalks. The Site and the Surroundings Bloor-Yorkville is between Church Street and Avenue Road. The area has been divided various section which include; institutional areas, open space areas, apartment neighborhoods and residential neighborhoods, like the Yorkville Triangle. To maintain the forest cover and keep a healthy ecosystem, especially at the residential areas, there has been a push to plant trees on Bloor Avenue. This has particularly been taken up by non-profit making organizations, individuals and the city council. Discussion Bloor Avenue Transformation Project Bloor-Yorkville is am ong the best shopping and entertainment districts in Canada. This was particularly one of the reasons for the Bloor Avenue transformation project. The project was aimed at ensuring that the center has beautiful plane trees in sustainable soil cell systems. This is meant to ensure optimal growth for the trees. The project was also aimed at ensuring wider pedestrian sub-ways and maintaining beautiful seasonal flowerbeds as well as attractive lighting for the trees.Advertising Looking for case study on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The transformation has made Bloor Avenue a preferred shopping center for the local and international tourists. This project might have taken more time but the efforts were worth. In the 1990’s, for instance, there was an advice from the City of Toronto concerning the overhaul of a water system that was serving Bloor-Yorkville’s Bloor Street from Church S treet to Avenue road. The corridor was then to be transformed with interesting upgrades. The transformation was done in phases and was completed in 2010. The upgrades made Bloor Avenue to be among the most preferred shopping streets in Canada and hence among the most expensive. Boor Street has some of the most expensive residential units and hotels. It also has one of the largest museums in Toronto, which is at the Bloor and Avenue Road intersection. The transformation project was started with the aim of ensuring wider sidewalks, mature trees, beautiful flower gardens, well lit streets and public artwork. Picturesque gardens and quiet residential units have characterized the suburbs in this area. Construction of Bloor Street implied the conversion of most residential units into commercial units and offices. There has been a significant rise in the prices of these units. Bloor-Yorkville BIA is a non profit making organization which aims at bringing more traffic and investment to the area. It is composed of 700 members and it organizes various events annually so as to ensure that its objectives are met. Due to this, Bloor-Yorkville has continued to blossom as a shopping center. The area has major name brand retailers like Prada and Gucci. The transformation project for Bloor Avenue had been planned for a long time and it commenced in 2008. It was aimed at ensuring that the street is at per with other renowned streets and avenues like Park Avenue in New York and Michigan Avenue in Chicago. The revitalization of the avenue continued at a slow pace due to a number of challenges that were encountered. For instance, there were logistical problems due to the poor infrastructure. At that time, Toronto was grappling with economic difficulties due to the economic recession that was being witnessed across the globe. The expenditure on this project, therefore, met with a lot of opposition from different groups.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Planting Trees on Bloor Avenue in Downtown Toronto specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the project continued to its completion. By then, trees were planted on the avenue and new flower gardens installed. This turned the old Bloor Avenue into a new beautiful and vibrant area. Upon the completion of this project, besides the announcement, the Bloor-Yorkville BIA organization had to change the perception among the people that the project was a waste of money. A red carpet event was therefore held and the area between the Church Street and Avenue Road was covered with a red carpet. The event was advertised in the media and on the internet and it was a great success. The prime goal of restoring Bloor Avenue to its beauty and glory had been achieved. The transformation of Bloor-Avenue has made Bloor-Yorkville to be among the most attractive areas to the local and international tourists and even those who search for residential units. Parks The area adjacent to the Bloor Avenue has several parks that portray the scenic beauty of the town. A good example is the Village of Yorkville Park. It is composed of unique gardens that were designed with the aim of bringing out the diversity of Bloor-Yorkville’s landscape and the wider Canadian region. The park has been well designed with attractive pine trees that grow outside circular benches. It also has well groomed crabapple trees and a waterfall. Its design has resulted in the park receiving recognition as being among the best parks in Toronto. Other parks included the Frank Strollery Parkette, which is an urban park, the Jesse Ketchum Park that has a playing ground and it is next to Jesse Ketchum School. There is also the Town Hall Square which is situated near the Toronto Public Library. It is an urban oasis that has benches and pathways between the well maintained hedges, trees and large pots. Tree Bylaws Even though most trees grow on private property, they are pe rceived as an important part of the urban forest. For this reason, it is upon the Urban Forest Service to nurture and protect them. They are protected by the urban municipal laws. In 2004, the city of Toronto municipality came up with a municipality code that regulates the damaging or removal of trees from private property.Advertising Looking for case study on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The code is aimed at protecting the urban forest hence ensuring a healthy ecosystem. To destroy or remove a tree on private property, a person is supposed to acquire a permit from the Urban Forest Service and he/she is expected to pay some application fee. To remove a dead, diseased or a hazardous tree, a permit is not required but a report from an arborist is to be sent to the Urban Forest Service. The zoning bylaws are aimed at ensuring that the area remains within a healthy and attractive environment. They also ensure that the multi-use areas for pedestrians are protected from encroachment and hence are open and easily accessibility. The bylaws were also enacted so as to protect residential areas from intensive commercial projects or developments. They help protect historical artifacts and buildings as well. They are also aimed at ensuring that any developments are in line with the required standards. Conclusion The Bloor-Yorkville is known to be a commercial as well as a residen tial town. It is among the well designed cities in Northern America. This has made it a tourist attraction site. The area has well kept parks that add to the scenic beauty of the town, with a good example being the Village of Yorkville Park. Planting trees along Bloor Avenue has been quite crucial in protecting the residential units. The area has some multipurpose storey buildings that have both the offices/commercial units and residential units especially on the upper floors. The planting of trees on Bloor Avenue has particularly been vital in protecting the pedestrian sidewalks hence ensuring that these sections are not encroached. The transformation project for Bloor Avenue was supposed to ensure that all the construction and development projects are done in accordance with the appropriate set standards. Azure Publishing. Planting Trees on Bloor Avenue in Downtown Toronto. Azure 2 March 2010: 154-156. Print. Hodge, Gerald. The Need for Community Planning. Planning Canadian Comm unities  (2007): 3-10. Print. Oberlander, Cornelia. Trees in the city. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 2011. Print. Reed, Frederick. Construction. A Journal for the Architectural, Engineering and  Contracting Interests of Canada (2009): 5-10. Print. Warkentin, John. Creating Memory: A Guide to Outdoor Public Sculpture in Toronto.  Toronto: Becker Associates, 2009. Print.

Being an Anthropologist Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Being an Anthropologist - Assignment Example For the purpose of this assignment, the selected location was Metro Cash & Carry Italia in Pordenone. In order to keep the research more specific, I spent more time in a particular section of the store where customers were selecting meat, pasta and cheese. A detailed analysis of customers visiting store on Friday afternoon indicated that concepts like race, ethnicity, physical features, kinship, food taboos govern the way different social and cultural groups behave. A critical analysis of the situation studied helped in understanding the definition of culture. According to Hansen, Scheffer, Rathje and Schulz (2009), culture is an element that provides uniformity in a specific social system. While earlier concept of this uniformity was only limited to ethnicity and race, there are other cultural traits that introduce uniformity in a particular demographic segment. Hence, culture is expected to develop coherence in a group of people. While analyzing the location where this observation took place, it was noticed that the departmental store did not reflect a typical architecture of other Italian buildings. Instead, it was customized considering the nature of business and types of customers expected to visit this place as it was humongous and quite capacious allowing hundreds of customers to shop simultaneously. Since it was Friday afternoon, there were not many customers in the store due to which my observations remained limited to fewer customers. The store was at moderate temperature however one could easily identify the smell of cartons used for storage of different items. This smell varied when one moves from one section to another i.e. smell in poultry section was different than that in cheese. Further analysis indicated that most of the buyers were from Italian ancestry with visible relevance to lower and middle social classes. I did observe some Asian and Muslim customers. It was hard to identify if they were from China, Korea, Japan or any other country fro m Asia. However, their attire and age indicated that some of them were teenagers probably students whereas rest were middle age Muslim women covering their heads. An interesting factor was presence of more Italian people in the sections of pasta and cheese. They were easy to recognize due to dark colored hair and olive complexion. It was observed that these customers appeared to have more melanin in their skin as compared to most of the Asian customers. However, few Asian customers who were either from India or Pakistan appeared to be having a darker skin tone as compared to Italian customers. According to Haviland, Prins, Walrath, and McBride, 2012), presence of melanin is affected by several factors such as inheritance, high altitudes and solar radiation exposure. These factors affect the skin tone of people from different ancestry. Such traits help in understanding the concept of race related to different geographical location and their related adaptations. Since communication wa s not performed with these customers therefore my observations were only limited to cultural and biological aspects whereas linguistics was not included. A critical analysis of these customers and their cultural profile helped in understanding that despite having common biological ancestry, they are segregated into different social groups due to their different cultures (Orzech, 2005). Although humans are typical primates, there are various elements that make them more unique to other forms of primates. However, shorter upper limbs, feet used for walking instead of grasping, erected pelvis and spinal cords are some characteristics that makes humans different than non-human primates (Palomer College, 2012). Another

Individual Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Individual Exercise - Essay Example On the other hand, not all investors are able to enter in this market because of the huge amounts of capital that is required in order to start up a company. It is for this reason that the threat of new entrants in this market is moderate. The bargaining power of customers also affects the nature of competition in this market. Customers in this case are airlines who purchase the commercial jets. These companies have no substitute product and therefore have to buy aircraft. This makes the bargaining power of customers to be low. The level of competition is high in this market is because of new entries in the market who have decreased their prices significantly. This has in turn increases the pricing pressure on a company like Boeing. For instant, Boeing 737MAX-7 with a capacity of 130 passengers is listed at $85 million, while Bombardier’s largest C series model with the same capacity goes for $71 (Forbes, 2014). Suppliers in this industry are seen to be having a low bargaining power because their customers only include aircraft manufacturers. These manufacturers are few as compared to the number of suppliers in the market. Fly Dubai is in its development phase. Flydubai is committed to making air travel affordable for its customers (Flydubai, 2014). This gives them the opportunity of attracting many customers and retaining them. The threat that this airline faces is high competition in this market from more established airlines that operate worldwide. The fact that it is low cost brings out the threat of not being able to cater for the operating costs incurred by the company. The competitive structure of DRAM market is characterized by many competitors who have expanded their capacity into the production of semiconductor chips. For this reason, companies need to be innovative in order to succeed in this market. There is also no barrier to enter into this market which encourages many companies to enter this market.

Enigma and Lorenz Machines Their Contribution to Computing

Enigma and Lorenz Machines Their Contribution to Computing The purpose of this report is to understand the working of cryptography by studying the working of Enigma and Lorentz machines which were used by Germans during World War II. The report will also discuss the effect of the invention of this machines on modern day cryptography. Cryptography has been helping humans to transmit information in secured way but the popularity of cryptography was limited to certain individuals and it was not used widely. During World War II the demand of cryptography increased which resulted in invention of Lorentz and Enigma machine by Germans. The encrypted information was important to Britains to gain an edge over the Germans war strategies, hence a research center was constructed in Britains to decode the encoded information. The report discusses the working of Enigma and Lorentz machine and the various methods adopted by Britains to decode the encoded information. The report will conclude by studying the effect of the creation of the encrypting and decrypting machines on the modern-day computing. Cryptography play an important role in humans daily interaction with technological devices, with the advent of computing devices and internet it has become extremely important to hide private information. We often wonder how we can transfer money through internet or by using ATM cards. The sensitive personal information such as bank details are transferred securely through internet which is available to everyone. This paper tracks the events which contributed to the development of modern day cryptography and discusses the development in the field of cryptanalysis. Cryptography is the science of secretly transferring information from one point to another so that the information is reliably transferred from one point to another, which is unintelligible to all receiver of information except the intended user. The aim of the cryptography is to prevent eavesdroppers from understanding the message. (A. Eskicioglu and L. Litwin, 2001) The human want of secrecy of information has resulted in the invention of cryptography. Ciphers were created to hide personal information. The need to securely transmit information has increase with the advent of modern communication. Confidential information such as Business plan, financial transaction which are send over internet needs to be transferred in a secured way. Since, internet is available to everyone it important to encrypt the information which is being transferred (Zwicke, 2003). The basic working of encryption can be divided into three parts: Encryption: Cryptography works by modifies the original information (termed plain text in cryptography) which is in readable form to encrypted form (termed ciphertext in cryptography) which is not easily interpreted by unauthorized person. The encryption process scrambles the plaintext by combining it with a key which is a random sequence of letters or numbers and produces ciphertext. Transmission Once the information is encrypted it is transferred to the intended user by various methods. For example, it could be transferred by writing it on paper or can be send via complicated modern wireless system. Decryption: After the information is received by the intended person the person tries to decode the information with a key. The key is unique and usually only the receiver has the key to decode the information (An introduction to cryptography, n.d.). 3.1 Stream cipher Stream cipher is an encryption algorithm which encrypts one bit of data in one cycle of its operation. The stream cipher uses infinite stream of pseudorandom bits of key to encrypt the plaintext. The robustness of the stream cipher depends on the algorithm which is used to produce the key. Since, repetition in the key can cause the stream cipher to be easily predicted and the encrypted text could be easily decrypted (Villanueva, 2015). The working of the stream cipher is explained below: As discussed above encryption works by combining the plain text Xi with key Si to produce ciphertext Ci . The combining process uses modulo 2 operation which is the modulus between the bits of the plaintext and ciphertext. We can denote this mathematically as Ci = Xi à ¢Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Si To decrypt the message the same key stream is used which was used for encrypting the message. Mathematically this can be stated as Xi = Ci à ¢Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Si   (C. Paar, J. Pelzl) The diagram below summarizes the entire process: Figure 1 Encryption and decryption with stream cipher. Reprinted from Understanding cryptography, by C. Paar, J. Pelzl, (n.d.), Retrieved from http://bit.ly/2mEit9i Copyright by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 Enigma machine eliminated the human effort of encryption by automating the process of encryption. The use of enigma machine during World War II was done to secretly transmit the classified information to remote military units. The enigma was electro-mechanical machine which encoded the character stream to cypher text. The simplest version of the enigma machine had three motors which are interconnected with each other. It also has a plug board which is a board to interconnect letters to improve the encryption of the enigma machine. A keyboard was used to input the characters to be encoded by the machine. A light board was used to display the encrypted letter of the plaintext character. Figure 2 Enigma How the machine worked. Reprinted from The guardian website, by Hern, Alex, (2014, Nov 14), Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/nov/14/how-did-enigma-machine-work-imitation-game Copyright Simon Singh. 4.1  Working The working of enigma machine was simple. When the operator types the letter on keyboard electric signal is generated. The signal then passes through the plug board which substitutes the letter per the connection of the plug board. The signal then passes through the three rotors with internal wiring. This is where the actual encryption takes places. As mentioned above each motor consists of 26 steps of rotation before making one complete cycle. The arrangement of the three motors was such that when the first motor completes a full rotation the second motor would move by one step. The same step is applicable for third motor. After passing through the connection of motors the signal is then reflected and again passes thorough the plug board. After passing through the plug board the signal lights up the appropriate letter on the light board providing the encrypted letter of the plain text character. The Lorentz machine was developed by C. Lorentz in Berlin. In 1940s Germans saw the need to establish secured communication between German high command in Wà ¼nsdorf close to berlin and German army throughout Europe. With the invention of mechanical machine and electronic boards it became possible to build a machine capable of encrypting the message which was send to remote army. The Lorenz machine was used for sending tactical information (Smart, n.d.). Lorentz machine uses Lorentz cipher which was based on Baudot code. Lets discuss about the working of Baudot code. Baudot Code: It used five bit of data to encode characters. Baudot code was a standard means of communication via teleprinter. Since five bits were insufficient to represent all the characters on the keyboard. Hence the code was divided into two states called letter shifts and figures shifts. To toggle between the two states a control character was used, there were other characters which had special functions such as space. To understand the working of Baudot code lets take an example of encrypting the word Hello. The first step is to fill the Paper tape with holes and insert the paper tape into telegraph to send the message. To punch holes in the paper tape the position of the holes needs to be determined which was obtained from the Baudot code table. These holes were converted to bits and then transferred by teleprinter. Figure 3 The Baudot printing telegraphy system. Second Edition. Reprinted from Circuitousroot website, by Pendry, H, W. (1919) Retrieved from http://www.circuitousroot.com/artifice/telegraphy/tty/codes/ 5.1 Lorenz Cipher The Baudot code is taken as input by the Lorenz cipher. The Lorenz cipher consisted of 12 motors which are separated into 3 pairs. Each motor had different number of pins on it as shown in figure below: Figure 4 An Enigma machine rotor. Reprinted from Plus magazine website, by Ellis Claire. (2005, Mar 1). Picture retrieved from https://plus.maths.org/content/exploring-enigma Copyright by Simon Singh Each pin could store either 0 or 1 based on the configuration of the machine. The configuration of the machine (setting the starting position of each motor) was performed by the operator of the machine and the same configuration of the machine was used at the receiving end to decrypt the message. The Lorentz machine was divided into three pairs of motors as shown below: Figure 5 The internal working of the Lorentz cipher machine. Reprinted from the Rochester institute website, by Payne, Japnce. (n.d.), Retrieved from https://people.rit.edu/japnce/payne/images/rotorsall.png The three pair of motors are termed as K, M, and S. The description of each pair of motors is discussed below: K motors: These consist of 5 motors with following pin configuration K1=41, K2=31, K3=29, K4=26, K5=23. This set of motors shift by one pin for every character which was encoded. M motors: These consist of 2 motors with following pin configuration M1=61, M2=37. This set of motors shift by one pin for every character which was encoded. Further the output of the M motors decided whether the S motors should be rotated by one pin or should remain unchanged. S motors: These consist of 5 motors with following pin configuration S1=43, S2=47, S3=51, S4=53, S5=59. This set of motors shift by one pin based on the output of M motors. Working The 5 bits of the characters are first X-OR with the 5 bits of K motor. The output is then again X-OR with the 5 bits of S motors to get the cypher text. At the receiving end since the Lorentz cipher is a symmetric cipher, the same configuration is used to set up the Lorentz machine at receiving end and the encrypted message is decrypted. The mathematical formula of the encryption and decryption process is as follows: Suppose Message = M, Cipher text = C, Cypher = E M à ¢Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ E = C (Encryption) C à ¢Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ E = M (Decryption) (Smart, n.d.) Most of the technology that was in existence during World War II was like that which was used in World War I. The telegraph, which was type-printed using a typewriter was widely used commercially and by military personnel. In the late 1800s an Italian scientist, Guglielmo Marconi discovered the radio communication. However, it wasnt until the early 1900s that this technology was adopted for military purposes. It was the year 1914 and most major military powers of the world has started relying extensively on this technology but there was a problem there were no security mechanisms in place for a wireless signal to hide the messages being transmitted. The U.S. soon used a more sophisticated version of this technology as soon as Frequency Modulation was invented in 1920. Figure 6 Soldier during World War II using telegraphic switchboard Another important element of communication technology invented before and during the World War II was the RADAR technology. Developed by the U.S. navy for military use, these were signals sent in the microwave wavelength. It was an entirely new way of surveillance that enabled the allies to see in total darkness and find out about enemy ships in the distant sea or air.   Radar used small-short signals that were sent into a direction using an antenna. This would return the position and speed of an object which would serve as a critical early warning tool. Radar navigation implementation by the German bombers meant that the previous tactics of indiscriminate, area-based bombing was now replaced by more accurate precision targeting. Then there were the German fire control radars, Lichtenstein SN2 was mounted on top of airplanes and had an effective range of 2.5 miles. A methodology that had been in existence for a quite a while but was found of prime use during the World War II was Cryptography. Cryptography emerged as the saving grace to answer all questions about the immense need of secrecy. Cryptography had been in existence for over a thousand years but it wasnt until the early 19th century that mathematicians came together to build a machine that would be used for a very specific purpose send messages during times of war. During this period, Cypher machines were developed under extreme secrecy. These machines were of the mechanical and electromechanical kind. Out of the two, the later were developed by Germans into what they called the Enigma machine Allies and enemies developed and adopted the use of cryptographic communications of all sorts during this period. While Germans were focusing on techniques to build machines for encryption, the UK was busy trying to perform cryptanalysis on these machines. Numerous machines came out of Germany that used cryptography in its own unique way. FISH, as the UKs Bletchley Park codenamed them, were a series of German stream ciphers developed during the World War II era. The enigma in the early 1920s which was of the electro-mechanical sort that used a keyboard, rotors and a spindle to do the tricks. Another machine known as the Lorenz cipher was simultaneously developed as a form was a rotor stream cipher and started its use in military since 1941 in a SZ form. The tunny cipher as it was called was used for wireless telegraphy which eventually and unfortunately for the Germans, quite soon led to the interception of its messages. Poland came up with its own cryptographic machine called Bomba, which meant cryptographic bomb in Polish. While there is less information available about why it was named so, Bomba was a glorified Enigma machine in more ways than one. It was developed after the mathematician and its creator, Marian Rejewski studied by breaking apart an Enigma. Put simply, it was a multiple Enigma machine that used an electrical power aggregate of six Enigmas. Most countries like Poland, United States and the UK devoted their time and resources in cryptanalysis of these machines. Bletchley Park in England was extremely instrumental in bringing about a new era with the cryptanalysis or code breaking of messages that were being transmitted by the Germans during the World War II. The Lorenz machine was a stream cipher that encoded/streamed electrical pulses over a telephone line. The technique used was something we call XOR today which is an addition operation. A key property of XOR is that if one was to run the Ciphertext through the same key again, the original message could be found. The exploitation of this very concept of the Lorenz cipher led to its success cryptanalysis. One day after a 4000-letter message was sent out to Vienna, the sender who encodes the message received a response from the receiver asking to resend the message since they had not received the message. The sender reset the Lorenz machine and started to abbreviate a few words to make the process quicker. At this time, Bletchley Park had two copies of the same message and the prime mistake was that both were sent using the same key. The folks at Bletchley park were not just great mathematicians, but they also had an exceptional sense of awareness. They proceeded to add the two messages together, essentially cancelling out the keys. They were now left with two messages added together and then John Tiltman, an experience code breaker who not just able to figure out the message, but also figured out the key. John Tiltman gave this key to Bill Tutte, a young graduate from Cambridge who liked solving puzzles. He was able to out the length of the key by writing it down in rows with the aim to find out patterns. Bill Tutte found that the pattern of the wheel on the right had a period of 41. However, the pattern was not perfect and had an element of randomness which suggested that a wheel on the left was used that moved only sometimes. This information was enough for other mathematicians to jump onboard and fully figure out the Lorenz machine. The Enigma on the other hand had multiple variations in the structure of the machine throughout its useful life to be cracked at one go. The earlier versions of the Enigma were using a 3-rotor structure which was used as the main subject by the Polish Cipher Bureau. Marian Rejewski who worked for the bureau made significant developments in breaking the Enigma, without having much access to any of the official information about its inner workings. Rejewski developed a bomba machine in the process, this cryptanalysis machine was build using the observations Rejewski gathered that showed that the first three letters of a message were the same as the second three. Rejewskis method failed when in 1938 the Germans increased the rotors to include two additional ones. It was Alan Turing who developed a sophisticated Bombe that used statistics and the Bayes law for calculating the probability to narrow down on the number of possibilities. The bombe machines were also quickly updated to test the hypothesis. Figure 7 The British Bombe currently in display at the Bletchley Park Alan Turings Bombe was composed of drums which together simulated an enigma and each drum replicated the functioning of one rotor of the machine. The objective of the Turings bombe was to find out the key used by the Enigma, the starting position of the rotors and the steckers or plugs. The drums were designed to move from a set starting position every time. The movement was designed with the help of statistics and the Bayes law, hence the key space was greatly reduced thereby reducing the run time. Alan Turing has been regarded as one of the biggest contributors to defeating the German navy by helping the Allied Forced during the World War II. It is believed that the British employed 200 Bombes during the Second World War and collectively these Bombes decoded 4000 messages on any given day. The cryptanalysis of the Enigma is believed to have contributed to saving millions of lives and is identified as a prime reason why the war ended years before what it couldve lasted. Britains World War II codebreakers were centrally located at Bletchley Park, a code-breaking center run by the United Kingdom Government Code and Cypher School (GCCS). They primarily focused on deciphering German Enigma and Lorenz communications and producing Ultra intelligence (Hinsley, 1996). Ultra was the designation for high level encrypted Axis-power intelligence the codebreakers intercepted and decrypted (Hinsley, 1993). Ultra-intelligence generated by decrypted Enigma and Lorenz signals is credited with shortening the war, and without it the outcome of the war may have been different (Hinsley, 1996). The Enigma machine was the Germans primary encryption method during the war. Alan Turing, working at Bletchley Park in 1939, created the Bombe, which was an electromechanical machine used to decrypt Enigma ciphers (Smith, 2007). Gordon Welchman refined the Bombe in 1940 with a diagonal board, increasing the Bombes efficiency (Budiansky, 2000). Welchmans diagonal board addressed the plug board vulnerability in the Enigma. The Bombe was based on the Bomba, a Polish machine designed to break Enigma ciphers, which was created by Marian Rejewski (Kozaczuk, 1984). The creation of the functional Bombes led to Allies deciphering of Enigma signals. Beginning in 1940, Germany started developing more advanced machines that used the Lorenz cipher. The first was called the SZ40 machine, which was codenamed Tunny by the British codebreakers at Bletchley Park, and was followed by subsequent versions (SZ40A, SZ40B, and SZ42 (Copeland, 2006). These machines produced more complex ciphers than the Enigma, and were ultimately defeated by the 1+2 break in method created by Bill Tutte (Copeland, 2006). Multiple advanced decryption machines were designed to combat the Lorenz ciphers. First was the British Tunny Machine, which replicated the functions of the SZ40 machines. With the proper cam settings, it was able to produce clear text from cipher text that was input into it (Hinsley, 1993). Built on the Tunny machines, the Heath Robinson, or Robinsons, were created to automate the 1+2 break in (Copeland, 2006). They ran paper tapes to find the wheel settings of the Lorenz machine. Although they were functional, issues with keeping the paper tapes synchronized and slow processing speed limited their effectiveness (Copeland, 2006). Working on the Robinsons at Bletchley Park, Tommy Flowers was instrumental in the advancement of the Colossus computer. Colossus was capable of faster processing than the Robinsons due to processing electronically. This also allowed for only one paper tape, which did not have to be synchronized with another and could be run at a faster speed, around 5,000 characters per second (Copeland, 2006). Although the Colossus computer was created first, the American ENIAC was often credited for being the first electronic digital computer ever made. This was caused by Colossus being shrouded in secrecy after World War II. The term computer originally referred to a human operator who performed mathematical computations. As the need for more demanding and complex computations increased, a push for electronic or digital computing began (Copeland, 2006). Computers like Colossus and ENIAC were called program-controlled computers, in which programs each computer was to process were not stored in the computers memory they had to be manually programmed. For Colossus and ENIAC, this involved modifying wiring by hand using plugs and switches. Modern computers utilize a stored-program concept, in which the programs a computer runs are stored in that computers memory (Copeland, 2006). The concept of the modern computer started with Alan Turing in 1936. He described a universal computing machine, containing limitless memory that stored both data and programs. A scanner would process the data based on the selected program. The use of any program with the data allowed the computer to process any calculation a human could, making it universal. Being universal allowed the computer to switch from one task to another, as opposed to a completely different and unique machine needing to be created for each individual task (Copeland, 2006). Turings concept can be seen in modern computing today, where personal computers and mobile devices (smartphones, etcetera) store both data and programs, and can easily switch between different tasks based on the users needs. Programming to achieve a particular task is relatively simple in comparison installing a program in a modern computer is much less complex compared to rewiring something like the Colossus computer or creating a completely new machine entirely. As discussed, the Germans and Axis powers used Enigma and Lorenz ciphers heavily for their encrypted communications in World War II. The decryption of Enigma and Lorenz was key for the Allies and the development of Ultra intelligence, which likely shortened the war by years. In the end, the need for decrypting Enigma and Lorenz was the initial catalyst the eventually led to modern computing. Colossus, being the first electronic computer, spearheaded the push into the modern stored-program concept that computers and modern devices use today. Without this need for computing power, the world may well have progressed in a much different way. References Budiansky, S. (2000). Battle of Wits: The Complete Story of Codebreaking in World War II. Free Press: 1734. Cooper, S., Leeuwen, J. (2013). Alan Turing: His Work and Impact. Saint Louis, U.S.: Elsevier Science. Copeland, B., ed. (2006). Colossus: The Secrets of Bletchley Parks Codebreaking Computers. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Enigma Machine. (2006). In J. Merriman J. Winter (Eds.), Europe Since 1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of War and Reconstruction (Vol. 2, pp. 964-966). Detroit: Charles Scribners Sons. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRLsw=wu=csuf_mainv=2.1it=rid=GALE%7CCX3447000319sid=exlibrisasid=50a327ace003888aadf98172a87c0eb6 Eskicioglu, A., Litwin, L. (2001). Cryptography. IEEE Potentials, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 36-38. doi: 10.1109/45.913211 Hinsley, F. H. (1993). The Influence of ULTRA in the Second World War. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20120706194507/http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/security/Historical/hinsley.html Hinsley, F. H. Stripp, A. (1993). Codebreakers: The Inside Story of Bletchley Park. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kidwell, P. (2007). Technology and Culture. 48(3), pp. 663-664. Retrieved March 9, 2017, from JSTOR database. Kozaczuk, W. (1984). Enigma: How the German Machine Cipher Was Broken, and How It Was Read by the Allies in World War Two. Frederick, MD: University Publications of America. Paar, C., Pelzl, J. (2010). Understanding Cryptography. Dordrecht, London, New York: Springer-Verlag. Smart, N. (n.d.). Cryptography: An Introduction. Retrieved from http://www.cryptocellar.org/files/NP_Smart_Cryptography.pdf Smith, M. (2007) [1998]. Station X: The Codebreakers of Bletchley Park. London: Pan McMillan Ltd. The Ohio State University Fisher College of Business. (n.d.). An Introduction to Cryptography. Retrieved from https://fisher.osu.edu/~muhanna.1/pdf/crypto.pdf Villanueva, J. (2015). An Introduction to Stream Ciphers and Block Ciphers. Retrieved from http://www.jscape.com/blog/stream-cipher-vs-block-cipher Welchman, G. (2005). The Hut Six Story: Breaking the Enigma Codes. Cleobury Mortimer, England: MM Baldwin. Zwicke, A. (2003). An Introduction to Modern Cryptosystems. SANS Institute. Retrieved from https://www.giac.org/paper/gsec/2604/introduction-modern-cryptosystems/104482

Music and Musicians in the Renaissance Essay examples -- Exploratory E

Music and Musicians in the Renaissance If music be the food of love, play on! ~ Orsino, Twelfth Night In the Elizabethan Era (1558-1603) and the Jacobean Era (1603-1625), there was a fondness for spectacle and pageantry. At court, trumpets and drums resounded to announce mealtimes; in town, these instruments were used by theatre troupes to herald upcoming performances (Renaissance & Baroque Society of Pittsburgh, 2003, and Folkerth, 2002). Music, then, is applied boldly and lavishly in everyday life and in drama, an imitation of life. Musical Instruments The major classes of musical instruments used in the High and Late Renaissance include plucked strings, bowed strings, brass, double reeds, other winds, keyboards, and percussions (McGee, 1985). Lutes, drums, and trumpets were often used, but the instruments that were especially popular during the Renaissance include the bass viol, treble viol, viola, violin, tenor sackbut, cornetto, bass sackbut, curtal, tenor shawm, bass recorder, and harpsichord (McGee, 1985). Instrumental Music From the Early Renaissance to the High Renaissance, there was a movement from vocal music to a combination of vocal and instrumental music (Brown, 1976). There are seven categories of instrumental music: 1) vocal music played by instruments, 2) settings of pre-existing melodies, 3) variation sets, 4) ricercars, fantasias, and canzonas, 5) preludes, preambles, and toccatas for solo instruments, 6) dance music, and 7) songs composed specifically for lute and solo voice (Brown, 1976). Italy dominated the stage for instrumental music at this time, and it was not until the last decades of the sixteenth century that English instrumental music became popular (Brow... ...cobean periods. Works Cited Brown, Howard M. Music in the Renaissance. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1976. Folkerth, Wes. The Sound of Shakespeare. London: Routledge, 2002. McGee, Timothy J. Medieval and Renaissance Music: A Performer’s Guide. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985. Novak, Elaine Adams. Staging Shakespearean Theatre. Cincinnati, Ohio: Betterway Books, 2000. Renaissance & Baroque Society of Pittsburgh. â€Å"Shakespeare’s Top 40†. Available: http://www.rbsp.org/current_season/shakespeare.php, March 2003. Shirley, Frances Ann. Shakespeare’s Use of Off-Stage Sounds. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1963. University of Victoria. â€Å"Elizabethan Court Musicians†. Available: http://web.uvic.ca/shakespeare/Library/SLTnoframes/literature/courtmusicians.html, date unavailable. Accessed : March 4, 2003.

Investigate if small villages can become suburbanised over time, and what factors will affect this

Aim: In this piece of coursework, my aim is to investigate if small villages can become suburbanised over time, and what factors will affect this. For this investigation, we have chosen to look at Pirbright, a small village just outside of surrey. Hypothesis: Is Pirbright a Suburbanised Village? To prove the hypothesis I will need to find out: * Where is Pirbright located? * What is it like? * How has it changed over the years? * What are the reasons? * What are the consequences of these changes for the long-term residents, the businesses and the new comers? Methods Of Research: In order to find answers to these questions and to prove the hypothesis I used various methods of research these will be: Questionnaire – We made up our own questionnaires in groups of four. The reason we thought this would be a good idea was so that we could get opinions from people who have been living in Pirbright and learn more about these people. We surveyed 10 different people and we tried to ask various types of people such as pensioners, young students and adults. In order to do this we asked at different times of the day. Walk To Investigate Services And Shops – We walked around Pirbright to investigate the different types of services they had to offer. Walk To Investigate Land Use And Location – We also walked to and around Pirbright to investigate the uses of land and the layout of the village. Environmental Quality Survey – This was a survey that had already been prepared for us. This helped us to decide whether or not the village was an attractive place to live. We completed the survey in different parts of the village. Research – I will find out any other information from resources such as the Internet. What is a Suburbanised Village? A Suburbanised village is a village that people from nearby towns and cities have moved into, gradually changing the character of the village and making it more urbanised. A suburbanised village change its functions from being a rural agricultural village to being a suburb of a town. Suburbanised villages can sometimes also be called commuter settlements or dormitory towns, this is because the village is used by residents who live and stay there to travel to work in nearby towns or cities. Since the 1980's people have been moving out of major cities such as London, -Reading and Guildford to get away from things such as crime, pollution and traffic congestion in cities. This is called counter urbanisation. The characteristics of a suburbanised village are; * Housing becomes more expensive leaving local people not being able to afford them. We would expect to find new houses built for newcomers, as well as old farmhouses that have been modernised for rich city commuters. * The need for more houses and extra services is required to cater to the needs of the newer residents * There are more newcomers than original residents; this can cause social problems within the village. * Cars, noise and litter cause more pollution than before. * The village is expanded to house more residents. * More cars cause congestion. * The village is forced to change to become more modern; this can also result in it becoming damaged. * People move to rural villages that are commuting distance from their place of work, so a suburbanised village must have access to railway and motorway links. * Newcomers will shop in cities and out of town shopping centres, so we would not expect to find medium or high order shops. People move into villages for many different reasons, these are; * People find towns and cities to be polluted, unattractive and very congested. * Wealthy commuters can afford to buy bigger and more attractive houses in villages and since transport links have improved these people can still easily commute to work in the city. * Retired people prefer to enjoy they leisure time in a peaceful and quieter environment. * People find it to be safer in villages. * There are newer houses being built, these sell for cheaper than they do in cities and towns. How can location affect the sub urbanisation of a village? The location of a village can be affected by its location. If a village were located near a large city, it would be easier to make use of the services provided in the city. This would be useful because there will be more services in the city such as hospitals, large shopping centres or a wider ranger of schools. If a village were located far away from a city it would be harder for the village residents because they would have to do with the only services provided in the village as it would be hard to get to the city. This would be inconvenient because usually there are not many services in a village. If a village were located near good roads that lead into the city it would be easier for people to get to the city, there probably would be a bus or some sort of public transport that would lead into the city. If a village is isolated with poor transport links it would make access in and out of the village difficult. This not only means that if would be for village residents to get to a city but also that visitors would find the village hard to get to. If a village is located on hilly land it would be difficult to build new buildings whereas if the village was built on flat land it would be easier to improve the village with new buildings and services. Where is Pirbright? The village that we are studying is called ‘Pirbright' it is located in Surrey, southeast England (see map below). Pirbright is located near Guildford, Bracknell, Woking, Farnborough and Camberley. The roads that connect these towns to Pirbright are A322, A3214, A320 and A323. These roads are good for commuters because they can travel to and from work in different towns quite easily. If they do not have cars then there are good rail links into other close by towns. There is no train station in Pirbright however the closest one is in Basingstoke. It takes approximately one hour to travel from Pirbright into central London. From the map below I can see that Pirbright very close to London and also to other cities, where good jobs are available. The land that Pirbright is built on is mainly countryside and there are many woodlands and open fields in and around the area. The land is mainly greenery and some areas are quite steep. The land is fertile, which makes it good for farming. There are also good communications in Pirbright. Map 1: Southeast England What is Pirbright like? Pirbright is a very attractive, yet small village. The population is approximately 3644 people, this has changed drastically over the past hundred years when there was only a few hundred people living in Pirbright. It has a large green in the centre of the village (see picture 1). The grass is always short and well kept. There are no signs of vandalism or litter. Around the green there are a few phone boxes and three bus stops, one going towards Woking and the other two going towards Guildford. The bus stops are connections to Guilford, Woking and other surrounding towns. There are a few shops around the green as well; these include a newsagent, a butcher, an antique shop and two pubs; The White Hart and The Royal Oak. There is a large pond and a children's playground on the green as well. Pirbright formally contained a post office, which was then forced to shut down because of robbery. This shows that the crime rate in Pirbright has increased. A mobile library visits Pirbright once a week. Picture 1: views of the green The church in Pirbright is called St Michael's church (see picture 2) and is around the green. There is only one school in Pirbright, Pirbright County Primary. It is only a primary school for five to eleven year olds. This means that when children are ready for high school they will have to travel to a nearby city or town. Most children travel to Guildford and Woking, as these are the closest and easiest to town to get to. Picture 2: St Michael's church Many attractive houses surround the green (see picture 3). These houses are mainly built before the 1940s. The houses are bigger in comparison to the sizes of housing in London, and are also much cheaper. An average three-bedroom house would cost approximately à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½385,000. The houses have extra garden space, bigger drive ways and more space to build extensions because the houses are spread out from each other. Picture 3: Houses around the green Below is a land-use map, to show the services available in Pirbright, and the ages of the houses. People in Pirbright We visited Pirbright on a typical mid-week afternoon to find out about the types of people that live there, we found out this information by asking people to fill out a questionnaire that we had designed. These are the results we came back with. I also did some extra research to find out facts and figures of Pirbright. People's opinions on Pirbright WHAT LEISURE ACTIVITIES ARE THERE IN THE AREA Tennis Karate Golf Cricket Bowles Dance WHAT DO YOU LIKE ABOUT PIRBRIGHT? Quiet Friendly People Plenty For Children To Do Peaceful Area Countryside Good Community WHAT DO YOU DISLIKE ABOUT PIRBRIGHT? Does Not Have a Post Office Is Not Sociable Services and Shops WHAT SERVICES ARE USED IN THE AREA WHO DO THEY CATER FOR? Newsagent Everyone in the village, most people use the newsagent everyday. Pubs Used mainly by adults, as a place to relax. Antique Shop Used by the wealthy residents, once only a few times a year. Butcher Used to provide food for all residents, used once a week. Mobile Library Used by anyone that wants it. Public Transport Used mainly by the retirees and students travelling to high school. Public Park Used by everyone in the village. Village Hall Used for meetings and clubs etc. dance clubs. Comparing Pirbright in 1871 to Pirbright today From the two maps I can see that Pirbright has drastically changed over the past 30 years. There was much more open space in 1871 but now a lot of that land has been used to build things such as houses and other services. The area that Pirbright occupies has expanded; more houses are being built so the village has had to expand to cater for the extra people. The land use has changed from mainly being farmland to having lots of houses and other buildings built on it. From the map of 1871 I can see that there were only a few houses whereas most of Pirbright is covered by houses now. More services have been added in Pirbright for example there used to be only one pub in 1871 but another one has been built now. Overall Pirbright has grown over the years and the open land has been used to build houses on. Conclusion After analysing the statistics and information about Pirbright I have come to a conclusion that all the evidence shows that Pirbright has become a suburbanised village. In 1915, we would have expected people to have jobs such as farmers, woodcutters, small village owners, ground keepers for private estates, housemaids and stable workers. The sort of people that would want to live there now are upper-class people as they do not usually have to work, retired people as they do not have to work either and people whom do not want to live in London, but still be based near London. The facts that point to the conclusion that Pirbright has become suburbanised are: * The population has greatly increased over time and is continuing to do so. Shown by the census figures. * The village has become larger. Many of the old houses are in the centre of the village and the newer ones have been built on the outskirts. This proves that new houses are being built for commuters and other residents wishing to move to Pirbright. This is shown in the land use map. * Most residents are middle ages and are high-skilled professionals – this proves that they are commuters as Pirbright does not offer and high-skilled professions. This is shown in the data that I collected on the field trip. * The home of most residents are detached or semi-detached. This proves that they are expensive and can only be afforded by wealthy commuters. * Most village residents own their own homes or are currently buying. This shows that the average Pirbright resident can afford houses; this is because mainly commuters live in Pirbright. * More then half of the residents own their own car. This also proves that a lot of commuters live in Pirbright, as they need a car to travel to work. * Most residents take their car to work, not public transport. * Most of the residents have lived in the village for 30 to 40 years. * The village is gradually becoming more modernised. The newcomers are transforming the village. * There are no high order shops, meaning residents have to visit a town or city for shopping centres. * Houses are becoming more expensive. The value is increasing as more people want to live in Pirbright and wealthy people can afford them. All these facts that I have stated link back to my theory on suburbanised villages, Pirbright has successfully gained nearly all the characteristics of a suburbanised village. Pirbright has gone from being a unknown small hamlet, to becoming a modern and attractive growing villages used mainly by commuters and retired people. I have found the main reason people move from large towns and cities into Pirbright is because it is a quiet and peaceful area. The long term residence will live closer to the village centre and the newer residence will be living on the edge as this will be where the new houses will be built. Evaluation I feel that this piece of coursework has greatly widened my knowledge of suburbanised villages. I did not thoroughly understand it at the beginning however after undertaking the research about the changes in Pirbright I have come to understand how and why small villages change their function to become urbanised. I feel I have done well in this coursework as I did a lot of research and used many new ICT skills that I have leant. I could improve the coursework by getting a broader range on data, I visited Pirbright on a working day therefore I did not get enough information about residents who may have been at work that day. To improve this now I would visit Pirbright on a weekend and carry out my research then. However overall I believe I have created a good report on how and why Pirbright has become suburbanised.